The Seventh Day: Revisiting Shabbat

The Seventh Day: Revisiting Shabbat

Hebrew Union College-Jewish Institute of Religion Museum, New York

Published in conjunction with the exhibition

The Seventh Day: Revisiting Shabbat

Hebrew Union College-Jewish Institute of Religion Museum, New York

October 3, 2013 – June 27, 2014

Hebrew Union College-Jewish Institute of Religion Museum, New York

Jean Bloch Rosensaft, Director

Laura Kruger, Curator

Phyllis Freedman, Rose Starr, Curatorial Assistants

Nancy Mantell, Registar

Lizzi Bolger, Curatorial Assistant

Sophie Laloum, Sasha Baken, Curatorial Interns

Dr. Bernard Heller Museum, NY

This exhibition is presented by the Irma L. and Abram S. Croll Center for Jewish Learning

and Culture at Hebrew Union College-Jewish Institute of Religion, with the generous

support of George, z’’l, and Mildred Weissman.

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or

transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or other-

wise, without the prior permission of the publishers.

ISBN: 1-884300-51-0

©2013 Hebrew Union College – Jewish Institute of Religion

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced,

stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means,

electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise,

without prior permission of the publisher.

Front Cover:

Ruth Weisberg

Gathering, 2013

Oil and mixed media on unstretched canvas, 651⁄4″ x 55″

Back Cover:

Dorit Jordan Dotan

Observing, Within, 2013

Digital photograph, 17″ x 28″

Revisioning Shabbat

Jean Bloch Rosensaft, Director

Hebrew Union College-Jewish Institute of Religion Museum

The Hebrew Union College-Jewish Institute of Religion Museum seeks to explore the enduring values and traditions of our heritage through the lens of contemporary experience.

In recent years, our exhibitions have looked at a broad range of themes, rooted in Jewish text, to reveal how the visual arts can be a bridge to a deeper understanding of one’s self and the larger world. These themes have included the celebration of Jewish time as expressed by innovative ritual objects; the sanctity of all lives created in the image of God within the context of the sexuality spectrum; the aspiration for life among Holocaust survivors after their liberation; maps and the medium of textiles as metaphors for Jewish identity; ethics illuminated through animation art; and collecting art as an articulation of a Jewish vision.

The Seventh Day: Revisiting Shabbat follows in this line of inquiry by inviting the public to consider one of the pillars of Jewish practice and belief: the sanctity of the Sabbath. Faced with a rapidly changing Jewish community, characterized by increasing ethnic diversity, interfaith families, challenges affecting the organized institutions of Jewish life, and an unprecedented acceptance in the fabric of North American life, what does the seventh day mean to contemporary Jews who may or may not choose to adhere to traditional observance?

Contemporary artists have tackled this question through provocative works of art, born out of an era where technology and culture have eroded the boundaries separating work, play, and repose. Their works engage our imagination and invite us to delve into the possibilities and new definitions of renewal symbolized by the ‘day of rest.’

Through the crucible of their creativity, the artists in this exhibition offer new ways to imagine Shabbat and reflect the profound insights that Abraham Joshua Heschel observed in The Sabbath: Its Meaning for Modern Man:

The meaning of the Sabbath is to celebrate time rather than space. Six days a week we live under the tyranny of things of space; on the Sabbath we try to become attuned to holiness in time. It is a day on which we are called upon to share in what is eternal in time, to turn from the results of creation to the mystery of creation, from the world of creation to the creation of the world.

The Seventh Day: Revisiting Shabbat

Laura Kruger, Curator

Hebrew Union College-Jewish Institute of Religion Museum

One of the many privileges of Judaism is the celebration of the Sabbath. We are encouraged to consider the deepest meaning of that day, the ‘seventh’ day, and fulfill its potential openly with understanding. The scholars and artists gathered here to create this exhibition have mined their thoughts, feelings, and scholarship. They share their insights to achieve a rich interpretation of ‘the seventh day – a day of rest.’

Genesis 2:2-4 of the Torah states: “On the seventh day God finished the work that God had been doing, and God ceased on the seventh day from all the work God had done. And God blessed the seventh day and declared it holy, because on it God ceased from all the work of creation.” The Ten Commandments revealed to Moses at Mount Sinai as the ultimate code of moral behavior confirms the celebration of the Sabbath. Over millennia, the interpretation and the practice of Shabbat has evolved, changed, and expanded to meet the needs of people, respond to the growth of rabbinic law, and adapt to the travails of a people in the Diaspora.

The Jewish celebration of the seventh day, the Sabbath, encourages the following actions: Welcoming the moment, Giving charity, Blessing loved ones, Illuminating the dark, Acknowledging the fruits of the land, Sustaining life and the environment, Connecting with others, Sanctifying intimacy and sexuality, Continuing spiritual education, Awakening the senses, Imprinting generational memory, and Pausing to meditate, to achieve serenity, ease, peace.

Charity/Tzedakah comes in many guises – anonymously through financial aid, physical help, and sharing personal sustenance. Such outreach may support a broad range of causes: one’s synagogue, endangered species, expansion of knowledge through the preservation of books, and the generational imperative of engaging children with an understanding of the giving of charity, so that tzedakah becomes instinctive.

Blessing and acknowledging valued relationships, including spouses, parents, children, and extended family and friends, is inherent in this day. It acknowledges the diversity of relationships, the embrace of shared traditions, and inclusivity.

Renewal is encouraged through the reading of Torah, joining Havurah study groups, meditation, connecting with nature, and caring for those impacted by ill health and diminishing abilities.

Blessings over wine and challah are repeated throughout the Sabbath’s meals. At the closing of Shabbat the Havdalah ceremony reawakens the senses with aromatic, fragrant, and scented herbs for the coming six days.

The Seventh Day: Revisiting Shabbat includes artworks based on Sabbath texts; functional ritual objects, including wine goblets, decanters, candle sticks, prayer books, challah plates and covers, havdalah spice containers, and a Sabbath throne. Concepts from midrash and the Kabbalah, reflecting mystical spirituality include welcoming the Sabbath Bride and the gift of an additional soul, the neshamah yeteirah. The fully realized Shabbat experience is enhanced by these tactile and diverse works. The artists meet serious challenges with the use of potent symbolism expressive of their individual aesthetic and spiritual sensibilities.

With their consent, I quote the contemporary Sabbath Manifesto, created by Reboot, a non-profit Jewish community in 2010, in search of a modern way to observe the weekly day of rest: Avoid technology, Connect with loved ones, Nurture your health, Get outside, Avoid commerce, Light candles, Drink wine, Eat bread, Find silence, and Give back.

Recreating the Light; Animating Our Senses

Rabbi Norman Cohen, Ph.D., Professor of Midrash, HUC-JIR/New York

Adam and Eve were banished from the Garden of Eden at the end of the Sixth Day of Creation. However, since the Sabbath is blessed by being a day of all light, Yom she-kulo ‘or, as the Rabbis said, a taste of the World-to-Come, the sun never set on that first night in the real world outside of Paradise. The light persisted for thirty-six hours, twelve on the eve of the Sabbath, i.e., the Sixth Day, twelve during the night of the Sabbath and twelve on the Sabbath day. Adam and Eve were warmed by the light and felt protected.

However, just picture the moment as the sun began to set at the end of this first Sabbath outside the Garden of Eden. Adam and Eve were terrified of the darkness, so – what did God do? Some midrashim suggest that God provided Adam with two flints, which he struck together causing light to come forth.

The Tradition emphasizes that fire/light was created for the first time at the conclusion of the Sabbath by Adam in a Promethean act, and he then extended his hands towards the light and uttered a blessing, “Praised are You, Adonai, Ruler of the universe, who creates the flames of fire (me-‘orei ha-esh).” Thus began the tradition of the Havdalah ritual. How ironic, though, that while we praise God, the Creator, it was Adam, the first human being, who was given the capacity and the necessary elements by the Divine to actually create fire. Human beings have the ability to recreate the light of the Sabbath and illuminate the darkness of our world, and all who recite Havdalah witness the human role in co-creation and perfecting the world.

In the Havdalah ritual, which concludes the Sabbath and distinguishes between the Sabbath and the rest of the week, when the blessing is recited over the flame, we, like Adam, extend our hands towards the flame and gaze at our fingers, which are bent towards us. Yet, the Tradition also suggests that we should focus on our fingertips. It was under- stood as a reminder that in the Garden of Eden, Adam and Eve were originally covered by God with a protective garment of Divine light (‘or, which can also mean ‘skin’ if written with an ‘ayin), and that all that remains of this protective garment is what we carry with us on the tips of our fingers. Each week at the conclusion of the Sabbath, we, the progeny of Adam and Eve, gazing at our fingertips, realize that we carry with us the hope of ultimately returning to the Garden through the fulfillment of God’s commandments. There is also the tradition of dipping one’s finger into the leftover wine used in the first blessing and touching our eyes, thereby under- scoring what the psalmist wrote, ‘The commandment of the Lord is clear, enlightening the eyes” (Ps. 19:9)

Havdalah requires that we utilize all of our senses. We hear the blessings recited, taste the wine, feel the heat of the flame, and smell the spices. Following the departure of the Sabbath, the experience of the holy, we are reanimated – enlivened by the potential we possess to extend the perfection of the Sabbath into our mundane lives.

We first experience hearing the Kiddush, the first blessing of Havdalah, which sanctifies the next six days of the week in which we are called upon to help perfect, and complete our world.

The second blessing is over the spices and it is the only time the sense of smell is used ritually in Judaism. The reason for the use of the spices proffered in the Tradition is that we are given an added soul, a neshamah yeteirah on the Sabbath, a symbol of heightened spiritual awareness. When the Sabbath ends, this added soul departs, and on one level, the aroma of the spices is meant to comfort us. When we sniff the spices, it is also our hope that we can carry the sweetness of the Sabbath into the week, thereby waking us to our earthly responsibilities and potential.

This belief in ultimate redemption is framed by the words of the Havdalah ritual itself. The Ashkenazic version of Havdalah begins with the chanting of an introductory paragraph made up of verses from the books of Isaiah, Psalms, and Esther, which emphasize the deliverance of the Jewish people. We believe we will experience light and joy, even as we are enveloped by the darkness of nightfall, the imperfection of the world outside of the Garden. And at the conclusion of the ritual, the participants sing of the eventual coming of the Prophet Elijah who will announce the advent of the messianic era.

Perhaps that is why the Rabbis stress that one who recites Havdalah will experience the World to Come (Olam ha-ba). Not only will we benefit from an abundance of Divine blessings in our lives, symbolized by the overflowing cup of wine in the first blessing, but we will be a vehicle for recreating the Garden of Eden and the ultimate Sabbath.

Shavat Vayinafash: Rested and “Resouled”

Rabbi Nancy Weiner, D. Min., Dr. Paul M. and Trudy Steinberg Professor in Human Relations and Counseling; Director, Blaustein Center for Pastoral Counseling, HUC-JIR/New York

A respite and a “resouling” – these are the essence of Shabbat. Taking a respite from time and its normative activities and finding a way to reclaim our souls, our true selves.

Going to synagogue, cooking a special meal, and cleaning the house may have been the ways in which Shabbat used to punctuate your week, serving as reminders to take a rest and to “resoul.” But perhaps you can’t get out to shul or you can’t sit through a service or your cooking days are over (for good or for the time being) or enjoying food is no longer a possibility or heavy physical exertion is no longer part of your repertoire. You spend the entire week reclining or sitting. How do you take a rest from what you used to categorize as resting? How do you connect with Shabbat and truly appreciate it?

Shabbat is all about refocusing and getting to the essence of things. Was it the cooking itself that brought you pleasure? Or the ability to gather family and friends around you and contribute to nurturing them physically and emotionally. And to be nurtured by them? What did getting to the synagogue give you? A chance to see and catch up with friends and family? An opportunity to pray with those who shared a history, a heritage, a set of values, hopes and dreams? A chance to offer personal prayer amidst fellow prayers? An opportunity to enter a holy space in which God’s presence is more palpable? A scheduled moment to take a deep breath, to take stock, to remember that all of life isn’t the work-a-day world?

Losing familiar ways of preparing for and celebrating- ing Shabbat is painful and giving yourself ample space to mourn such losses is important. But you need not give up Shabbat entirely.

Midrash refers to our homes as a mikdash me’at, a small sanctuary. Perhaps there can be a spot in your house or a focal point in your bedroom that can be your mikdash, your sacred space… where you go physically, visually, or emotionally to experience the Divine presence. Where you can pray, alone or with others. Or perhaps there is music that can transport your soul to someplace beyond your physical body, linking you with the Jewish community past and present and enabling you to welcome Shabbat. Inviting family and friends to come and make music, playing a CD, or just humming or singing to yourself can open you up to welcome Shabbat. You can ask friends and family to visit with you on Shabbat as they are going to or coming from shul. Those who come or call before can be your emissaries to the larger community. Those who come after can catch you up on what went on, who was there, what’s happening in different people’s lives and what the sermon or d’var Torah was about, so that you can participate in the discussion or just ponder the day’s messages.

Heddy Abramowitz

Brooklyn, NY

Arab Bakery, the Jewish Quarter, 2013

Ugat Chen, 2013

Neeman Bakery, the Jewish Quarter, 2013

Peer Challot 4, 2013

Photographs, 16″ x 20″ each

Abramowitz captures the essence of the Israeli culture she lives in through the lens of her camera. Challah, a bread that holds many biblical, folklore and traditional associations, is traditionally blessed and eaten at the Shabbat table.

Jan Aronson

American

Kiddush Cup, 2013

Watercolor, 11″ x 81⁄2″

Kiddush, the blessing of the wine, is said on many celebratory occasions, particularly Shabbat. This image, evoking the warmth of these occasions, was created for The Bronfman Haggadah.

Helene Aylon

1931, Brooklyn, NY

From My Memoir: Lighting the Candles with My Mother, 2013

Photograph, 14″ x 26″

Helene Aylon, a visual, conceptual and installation performance artist and eco-feminist, says: “At candle-lighting time the dazzling white tablecloth covered the large table, making it look like a world unblemished. My mother’s arms would bring the Sabbath light toward her shut eyes in broad arcs… When she lifted her palms from her face, her eyes were invariably moist.”

Debra Band

1957, American

Kabbalat Shabbat, 2013

Illuminated with ink, gouache, and gold leaf on slunk vellum

16″ x 14″ each

Kabbalat Shabbat is the Friday evening synagogue service and festive home meal. Band’s illuminated manuscript has the text supplemented by the addition of decoration, such as decorated initials, borders (marginalia), and miniature illustrations.

Will Barnet

1911-2012, Beverly, MA

Saturday Afternoon, Gramercy Park

Color photo-lithograph, 130/200, 2012

Gift of the Print Club of New York, Inc.

15 7/8″ x 18 1⁄2″

An autobiographical image of Barnet and his granddaughter, Ellie, in the park. The scene captures the essence of a joyful, generational relationship on a Saturday afternoon.

Harriete Estel Berman

1952, Harrisburg, PA

In Your Light, I See Light, 2002-03

Candelsticks; recycled tin cans, brass, 10k gold rivets and blue plexiglass

14 1⁄4″ x 5 1⁄4″

Candlesticks are the iconic emblem of the Sabbath. Berman appropriates printed tin cans to create beautifully crafted and detailed sculptures that comment slyly on traditional (and contemporary) women’s roles in society and on the domestic front.

Henry Bismuth

1961, France

Kabbalah Shabbat, The Seventh Day, 2013

Oil, acrylic, emulsion, and ash on canvas,

23 1⁄4″ x 39 1⁄4″

Bismuth explains, “Hebrew is a sacred language. Its letters are not only tools of communication, but carry as well a precise diagram cyphering the principle of Creation… the Hebrew letters – Shin, Beit, Tav – composing the Hebrew word, SHaBaT. Shin… the fire of the universe, the sacred fire. Beit represents a house. Tav delimits the four seasons.”

Andras Borocz

1956, Budapest

Measuring the Words, 2009

Yad Installation

Oak, birch, cedar, walnut, pine, mahogany, and poplar woods

The carved hands are sized from 1″ to life-size and the “rulers” are between 3′ – 12′ long.

These sixteen carved hands float lazily in the air, each on the end of a wooden structure much like a foldable ruler, hanging in the air like mobiles that point towards each other and unknown destinations. They reference the Yad, the pointer that is used to follow text when reading the Torah.

Jeff Brosk

American

Challah Board, 2012

14 1⁄4”x 27″ x 11⁄4″

The Challah is treated with respect, often with a special board, knife, and covering. Brosk says, “The process of creating my work is a collaboration between the materials and myself. It deals with creating a harmony of form and material by combining my aesthetic concerns with the character and uniqueness inherent in the material.”

Judy Chicago

1934, Brooklyn, NY

Rainbow Shabbat, 1992

Lithograph, 30″ x 45″

The inspiration for the Rainbow Shabbat as an image and message of hope came to Chicago during a memorable Shabbat meal. She chose to depict the Shabbat dinner with the heads of everyone turned toward the woman as she blesses the candles, while her husband raises his kiddush cup and sings his wife’s praises. As Chicago intended, this compresses the actual sequence of Shabbat events, celebrating both the Jewish and the female experience.

Lewis Cohen

1934, Brooklyn, NY

Friday Night, Nov. 14, 1930

A tabletop tableau (installation)

10″ x 28″ x 21″

This installation reveals Cohen’s memories of his childhood Shabbats. Cohen says that life is a circle and he takes pleasure in salvaging the old to create something new, asking the viewer to recognize the past while appreciating the here and now.

Marilyn Cohen

1938-2006, New York, NY

Front Porch Memphis, Saturday, May 5, 1928

Watercolor, collage, paper

36″ x 41 1⁄2″

Cohen said, “I have tried to capture, by visually recording the memories of Jewish families across America.” Front Porch Memphis, Saturday, May 5, 1928 shows Marilyn’s father, brothers, and grandparents relaxing on a Shabbat afternoon.

Janet Dash

1939, New York, NY

Spice Box, 2012

Sterling silver with inlaid copper pomegranates, 21⁄2″ x 11⁄2″ x 1″

The close of Shabbat is marked by the brief prayer ceremony, Havdalah. Part of the ceremony includes the sniffing of sweet-smelling spices. Pomegranates are often used as decorations on ritual objects. Midrash refers to 613 seeds contained within the fruit which correspond to the number of mitzvot, good deeds, prescribed in the Torah for daily practice

Luigi Del Monte

Italian

Reflections, Shabbat Candlesticks, 2002

Rhodium plated sterling silver, 20″ x 10″ x 3″

This handmade work reflects the two lighted candles on a highly polished background. It is an exceptional piece and moves the celebration of Shabbat forward into our present time, echoing generations of Shabbat candles.

Dorit Jordan Dotan

1961, Haifa, Israel

Kehilat Ha Shachav, 2013

Mixed media photograph, 17″ x 28″

Dotan’s camera finds a Kabbalat Shabbat gathering at Kehilat HaShachav, a Reform congregation in Even Yehuda. Closed eyes and open smiles create inner peace for one or many.

Max Ferguson

1959, New York, NY

Shabbat Candles, 1993

Oil on panel, 24″ x 17″

Ferguson portrays his mother lighting Shabbat candles in this painting of a highly traditional Sabbath scene. Candles symbolize the divine light or spirit. The lighting marks the transitional moment of the week serving to welcome Shabbat.

Ayana Friedman

1950, Israel

Legend of the Soiled Shabbat Dress, 2013

Digital photograph, 19 1⁄2″ x 6’10”

This work is based on a popular Israeli legend titled “Hannah and the Shabbat Dress.” The story deals with the preparations for Shabbat, which includes dressing oneself in fresh clothes and scouring our homes to welcome the Sabbath Queen.

Leslie Golomb and Louise Silk

American

Torah Mantle: Friday Evening, 2013

Cloth and acrylic, 3’8″ x 12″

This Torah mantle is a response to the iconic painting Friday Evening by Isidor Kaufmann. The woman in the painting waits patiently for her husband to return home from the synagogue and wears a special headdress for the Sabbath dinner.

Grace Graupe-Pillard

1945, Washington Heights, NY

Plates of Light, 1990

Pastel on cutout canvas, 79″ x 55 1⁄2″

Survival and vulnerability are recurring themes of the Sabbath and of Graupe-Pillard’s work in general. Saucers of light, reminding us of oil lamps used in biblical times, offer spiritual enrichment.

Laurie Gross

1952, California

Seven Days of Creation, 2007

Tapestry, 10′ x 30′

Designed by Susan Jordan

The textile is composed of seven panels and has embroidered imagery depicting God’s creation, beginning with the first day on the far right and ending with the Sabbath on the far left.

Alex Gruss

1957, Buenos Aires, Argentina

Six Days of Creation, 2013

Wood, mother of pearl, copper, ink 18″ x 38″

Six intricate inlaid mezuzah covers depict the six days of Creation. The seventh day, the Sabbath, has no depiction but a strong red graffiti stamp forbidding all activities on that day. The Torah reads, “On the Seventh Day He Rested” and hence there is no image for the seventh day.

Carol Hamoy

1934, New York, NY

Sabbath Bride, 1992

37″ x 15″ x 9″

Lace, tulle, beads, candles, feathers, ribbons, thread, bird’s nest

Collection of Hebrew Union College-Jewish Institute of Religion Museum

This ethereal female figure suggests the words of the 16th-century Lechah Dodi, sung on Friday night. It welcomes the Sabbath, who arrives as a bride and on Saturday evening exits as a queen.

Tobi Kahn

1952, New York, NY

Shabbat Objects, 2013

Mixed media installation; Wood, acrylic, bronze

A true Shabbat table is set: candlesticks for blessing, challah boards to hold and/or slice the bread, kiddush cups to bless the fruit of the vine, and salt cellars are added to the table.

Susan Kaplow

American

An Additional Soul, 2013

Painted wall hanging, 36” x 36”

The belief that every Jew receives a neshamah yeteirah, an additional or expanded soul for the duration of Shabbat, is first mentioned in the Babylonian Talmud, Mo’ed, Betzah 16b, and later taken up by the Kabbalists in Safed, then in the 18th century by the Hasidim. The painting is a quote in English and Proto-Hebrew.

Linda Karshan

1947, American

Meditation, 2013

Etching, edition 6/17, 17″ x 131⁄4″

Karshan uses a grid as a conceptual base for her work. Precision of execution distinguishes her work. Bowing movement and repetitive gestures characterize the artist’s process and provide a meditative stance as she creates these works. This etching is part of a series of six works leading up to the peace of Shabbat and time for reflection.

Emmett Leader

1954, American

Slonim Revisited II: “Let Justice dwell in the wilderness, righteousness in the fruitful field,” 2012

Tzedakah Box

Earthenware clay, terra sigillata, 22k gold leaf, 17″ x 13″ x 8″

Tzedakah is a Hebrew word literally meaning justice or righteousness, but commonly used to signify charity. Before the candles are lit on Shabbat, many families put an offering in their Tzedakah box.

Peachy Levy

1930, Providence, RI

Zahor v’Shamor / Remember and Observe

Fabric, mixed media, 63″ x 40″

The celebration of Shabbat is an embrace of the Ten Commandments. The first mention is in the Book of Exodus which commands us to ‘Remember,’ zahor, the Sabbath. The Book of Deuteronomy reinforces this by commanding shamor, to ‘Observe.’ Levy enhances a sumptuous parokhet (Torah ark cover) with these imperatives.

Margalit Mannor

1940, Israel

Shabbat Baby, April 30th, 1966, 2013

Photograph, 33″ x 56″

A mother ‘labors’ to deliver a baby. A physician ‘works’ to assist and care for the pair. Neither of these activities could be described as ‘rest,’ and yet the Sabbath is an auspicious day to bring a new child into the world. Dana, the Shabbat Baby, born to Margalit Mannor in Tel- Hasomer Hospital, is still called the ‘Shabbat baby.’

Adam Matsoon

1962, American

Untitled from the series The Invisible Thread, 2012

Photograph, 20″ x 16″

“Shabbat is not a day of the week, it’s a state of mind. We can invoke Shabbat when we listen to the still sure voice of G-d that resides within our hearts.”

Jacqueline Nicholls

1971, Nottingham, England

The Sabbath Widow, 2013

Grosgrain ribbon, embroidery on silk organza, 163⁄4″ x 203⁄4″

This textile is a multi-layered black-on-black embroidery piece utilizing fabrics reminiscent of the Victorian mourning dress code for widows who were not fully a part of society. Shabbat Widow alludes to the contrast with the concept of the Shabbat Bride. Nicholls believes Shabbat observance can remove one from the world, alienating a person from socializing with the world.

Mark Podwal

1949, Brooklyn, NY

Sabbath Sandwich, 2003

Acrylic, gouache and colored pencil on paper, 12″ x 10″

Jewish history, legend and tradition are integral to Podwal’s extensive work as an artist, author and illustrator. In this whimsical painting of a whole fish enclosed in a challah, Podwal celebrates two important symbols of the Sabbath. The challah, an essential component of the Sabbath meal and dag (fish) are each traditional. In Gematria (numerology) each Hebrew letter is assigned a numerical value. The spelling of fish totals seven, and Shabbat is the seventh day of the week.

Archie Rand

1949, Brooklyn, NY

From The 39 Forbidden Labors of the Sabbath, 2006 Clockwise from upper left:

#3 Ketzirah / Removing something from its place of growth.

#36 Mav’ir / Igniting fire.

#25 Tzeidah / Capturing a living thing and witholding its freedom.

#23 Tofer / Sewing two pieces of cloth together

Acrylic on canvas, series of 39 paintings, 24” x 18” each

In the Mishnah the Rabbis enumerated 39 major categories (with hundreds of subcategories) of labor that were forbidden on the Sabbath. They are based on the types of work that were related to the construction of the Tabernacle in the wilderness.

Valerie and Steve Resnick

American

Jerusalem Decanter, 2013

Carved and sand blasted crystal, 11″ x 4″ x 4”

The Resnicks have been pioneers in the Judaica renaissance of the past two decades. The beauty of these works is derived from the skillful carving of the glass, as well as the sophistication and spirituality of the design imagery.

Joan Roth

1942, Detroit, MI

For Many Souls, 2009

Photograph, 16″ x 20″

Joan Roth, a visual poet who has traveled the world in search of the face of female Jewry, has the gift for seeing the significant moment, the meaningful gesture. In this series of photographs, she captures women around the world lighting Shabbat candles.

Claire Jeanine Satin

American

Pentimento, Kodesh Shabbat, 2013

Images, text on acrylic, metallic overlay, gold, crystal beads, nylon thread, 11″ x 5″ x 4″

The hamsa, or joined hands indicate the gesture of the priestly blessing, uplifted and pointing toward significant Hebrew phrases and words. The word Shabbat is repeated, highlighted, and revered as a day of particular observance.

Ruth Schreiber

Israeli

Mizvah Night, 2013

Silver plate, wooden challah board, silver knife, candlesticks, lipstick, baked dough and embroidered challah cover installation,

14″ x 13″ x 11″

Shulchan Aruch, the Code of Jewish Law, urges marital relations on Shabbat. As a woman prepares for the Sabbath by preparing food, challot, and lighting candles, so must she prepare herself for intimacy with her husband on Friday night. After the meal is served and cleared, the guests have left, and the children are asleep, then comes the fulfillment of this mitzvah (commandment).

Reeva Shaffer

1945 Winnipeg, Canada

AM I READY, 2013

Triptych of challah covers, silk, embroidery, ribbon, 20″ x 20″

The vibrant colors of the first challah cover in this triptych evolve through gradations of color and textures to calm, serene shades of cream and gold.

Emil Shenfeld

Israel

Rorschach, 2006

Anodized aluminum and stainless steel, 131⁄4″ high

The positive/negative values of these Shabbat candlesticks were inspired by Shenfeld’s mother’s experience during her dislocation to Brazil after World War II.

Debby Ugoretz

1952, Milwaukee, WI

Sanctuary, 2010

Paper cut, 273⁄4″ x 171⁄4″ x 61⁄4″

Shabbat is presented as a white protected space, surround- ed by the chaos of the work week. “The Sabbaths are our great cathedrals, and our Holy of Holies. Shabbat teaches us to live outside of time – to rid ourselves of the daily grind – which, in my opinion, is a time that robs one of the awe-inspiring beauty of nature and the sense of purpose.”

David Wander

1954, New York, NY

Creation, Shabbat Menorah, 1993

Silver plated aluminum, with mirror, 15″ x 9 1⁄2″

The images embossed on the candle holder symbolize the six days of creation and celebrate the seventh day by the lighting of the candles. Wander uses the reflection of the mirror to multiply the miracle of light.

Joyce Ellen Weinstein

My Private Shabbat, 2013

Paper, foam-core, glass, acetate, and candles 8″ x 10″

The very sound of Hebrew and the shapes of Hebrew letters are comforting to the artist, and so she uses a mystical mix of Hebrew in this work.

Ruth Weisberg

Chicago, IL

Gathering, 2013

Oil and mixed media on unstretched canvas, 65″ x 58″

Gathering evokes that crucial moment in the Shabbat morning service when we gather the tzitzit (prayer shawl fringes) in preparation for saying the Sh’ma prayer.

Albert J. Winn

1947, Chester, PA

Erev Shabbat, 1993

Silver gelatin print, 18″ x 22″

Celebrating the mitzvot of Shabbat is the privilege of all people of belief, regardless of gender, nationality, or cultural identity.

Laurie Wohl

1942, Washington, D.C.

Prayer, 2002

“Unweaving” artist canvas, linen, acrylic

18″ x 44″

“We give thanks to you, O G-d, for our lives, which are in your hands, for our souls, which are in your keeping…for the signs of Your presence we encounter every day, and for your wondrous gifts at all times.”

Malcah Zeldis

1931, Bronx, New York

Sabbath in Detroit, 1981

Acrylic on board, 251⁄2″ x 251⁄2″

The artist recalls her childhood by painting her grandparents surrounded by their welcoming, traditional home. Her compelling naïve style is a view of time as a simultaneous unfolding rather than a strict, linear progression of events.

Exhibition Checklist

Heddy Abramowitz

Arab Bakery, Jewish Quarter, 2013

Ugat Chen, 2013

Neeman Bakery, The Jewish Quarter, 2013

Peer Chalot, 2013

Four photographs, 16″ x 20″ each

Jan Aronson

Points of Light, 2012

Kiddush Cup, 2012

Watercolors, 11″ x 81⁄2″ each

From The Bronfman Haggadah

Helene Aylon,

From My Memoir: Lighting the Candles with My Mother, 2013

Paper scroll, photograph

14″ x 26″

Debra Band

From Kabalat Shabbat Series: Kiddush, 2013

Shalom Aleichem, 2013

Ink, gouache, and gold leaf paintings on slunk vellum

16″ x 14″ each

Will Barnet

Saturday Afternoon, Gramercy Park, 2012

Color photo-lithograph, 130/200

15 7/8″ x 18 1⁄2″

Gift of Print Club of New York, Inc.

Harriete Estel Berman

In Your Light, I See Light, 2002-2003

Candlesticks, recycled tin cans, brass, 10K gold rivets, blue plexiglass

14 1⁄4″ x 5 1⁄4″

L’Chaim, 2009

Wine holder, recycled tin cans, blue plexiglass, 10k gold, sterling silver, aluminum rivets

5 1⁄2″ x 5 1⁄4″

Henry Bismuth

The Seventh Day, 2013

Oil, acrylic, emulsion, and ash on canvas

23 1⁄2″ x 39 1⁄4″

Andras Borocz

Measuring the Words, 2009

Yad Installation, 2009

Oak, birch, cedar, walnut, pine, mahogany, and poplar woods

Jeff Brosk

Challah Board, 2012

Quilted bubinga wood, 22k gold leaf

14 1⁄4”x 17″ x 1 1⁄4″

Judy Chicago

Rainbow Shabbat, 1992

Lithograph, 30/250

30″ x 45″

Lewis Cohen

Friday Night, November 14, 1930

Mixed media installation

10″ x 28″ x 21″

Marilyn Cohen

Front Porch, Memphis, Saturday,

May 5, 1928

Watercolor, collage, paper

36″ x 411⁄2″

Janet Dash

Spice Box, 2012

Sterling silver spice box inlaid with copper

21⁄2″ x 11⁄2″ x 1″

Luigi Del Monte

Reflections, 2013

Sterling silver

20″ x 10″ x 3″

Dorit Jordan Dotan

Kehilat Ha Shachav, 2013

Observing Within, 2013

Mixed media photographs

17″ x 28″ each

Max Ferguson

Shabbat Candles, 1993

Oil on panel

24″ x 17″

Ayana Friedman

Legend of the Soiled Shabbat Dress/Hannah and Her Shabbat Dress, 2013

Digital photograph

19 1⁄2″ x 82″

Leslie Golomb and Louise Silk

Torah Mantle: Friday Evening, 2013

Cloth and acrylic

3’8″ x 12″

Grace Graupe-Pillard

Plates of Light, 1990

Pastel on cutout canvas

79″ x 551⁄2″

Laurie Gross

Challah Cover, 2008

Jacquard linen

22″ x 17″

Seven Days of Creation, 2007

Tapestry

10′ x 30′

Glass Candle Holders

Glass, gold leaf, metals

14″ x 91⁄2″ x 2″ each

Alex Gruss

Six Days of Creation, 2013

Wood, mother of pearl, copper, ink

18″ x 38″

Carol Hamoy

Sabbath Bride, 1992

Lace, tulle, beads, candles, feathers,

ribbons, thread, bird’s nest

37″ x 15″ x 9″

Collection of Hebrew Union College- Jewish Insititute of Religion Museum

Tobi Kahn

Shabbat Objects, 2013

Mixed media installation, wood, acrylic, bronze

Susan Kaplow

Additional Soul, 2013

Painted wall hanging

36″ x 36″

Linda Karshan

Meditation, 2013

Six etchings, 6/17

17″ x 13 1⁄4″

Emmett Leader

Slonim Revisited II: “Let justice dwell in the wilderness, righteousness in the fruitful field.” 2012

Tzedakah Box: Hand-built clay, terra sigillata glaze, gold leaf, red earthenware, 22k gold

17″ x 13″ x 8″

Peachy Levy

Zahor v’Shamor / Remember and Obser ve, 2013

Fabric, mixed media

63″ x 40″

Margalit Mannor

Shabbat Baby, April 30th, 1966, 2013

Two photographs

33″ x 56″ each

Adam Matsoon

Untitled, 2012

Four photographs

20″ x 16″ each

Jacqueline Nicholls

The Sabbath Widow, 2013

Grosgrain ribbon, embroidery on silk organza

16 3⁄4″ X 20 3⁄4″

Mark Podwal

Sabbath Sandwich, 2003

Acrylic, gouache, colored pencil on paper

12″ x 10″

Shabbat, 2003

Acrylic, gouache, colored pencil on paper

12″ x 10″

Prague Jewish Town Hall

Spice Box, 2013

Acrylic, gouache, colored pencil on paper

12×81⁄2″

Archie Rand

The 39 Forbidden Labors of the Sabbath, 2006

Acrylic on canvas; Series of 39 paintings;

24″ x 18″ each

Valerie and Steve Resnick

Jerusalem Decanter, 2013

Carved and sand blasted crystal

10″ x 6″ x 4″

Joan Roth

Generation to Generation, 2007

For Many Souls, 2009

Man Hanging Sabbath Lamp, 2009

How They Learn, 2007

Four photographs

16″ x 20″ each

Claire Jeanine Satin

Pentimento, Kodesh Shabbat I, 2013

Images, text on acrylic, metallic overlay, gold, crystal beads, nylon thread

11″ x 5″ x 5″

Ruth Schreiber

Mizvah Night, 2013

Mixed media installation

14″ x 13″ x 11″

Reeva Shaffer

AM I READY, 2013

Triptych of Challah Covers

Silk applique, embroidery, ribbon

20″ x 20″ each

Emil Shenfeld

Rorschach Candlesticks, 2013

Anodized aluminum, stainless steel:

13 1⁄4” high

Debby Ugoretz

Mountain, 2013

Papier mâché, papercut

37″ x 24″ x 20″

Sanctuary, 2013

Paper cut, plexiglass

27 3⁄4″h x 17 1⁄4″w x 6 1⁄4″d

David Wander

Candles

Acrylic, rice paper on board

8″ x 11″

Creation, 1993

Silver plated aluminum, mirror

15″ x 91⁄2″

Joyce Ellen Weinstein

My Private Shabbat, 2013

Digital laser print on acetate, candles

8″ x 10″

Ruth Weisberg

Shabbat, 2013

Oil on canvas

65″ x 58″

Albert J. Winn

Erev Shabbat, 1993

Ritual, 1993

Two silver gelatin prints 18″ x 22″ each

Laurie Wohl

Prayer, 2002

“Unweaving” artist canvas, linen, acrylic

18″ x 44″

Malcah Zeldis

Sabbath in Detroit, 1981

Acrylic on board

25 1⁄2″ x 25 1⁄2″

Confined to Bed, 1981

Acrylic on found wooden object

10″ x 24″ x 16″

HUC-JIR Museum Advisory Committee

Laura Kruger, Chair

Jean Bloch Rosensaft, Director

Suzette Acar

Judy Becker

Sherry Berz

Phyllis Cohen

Elaine Corwin

Robin Cramer

Gail Davidson

Gloria Dobbs

Cynthia Greener Edelman

Vicki Reikes Fox

Ruth O. Freedlander

Phyllis Freedman

Susan K. Freedman

Cantor Mimi Frishman

Betty Golomb

Joy G. Greenberg

Barbara Gross

Cecelia Hauptman

Cathy Heller

Peggy Heller

Judith Hertz

Frances A. Hess

Ann Holland

Marissa Hollander

Teela Lelyveld

Liz Levine

Susan Malloy

Nancy Mantell

Claire G. Miller

Marjorie Miller

Kevin Penn

Fran Putnoi

Joan Salomon

Samuel Simon

Phyllis Sorkin

Helene Spring

Shirley Steinhauser

Livia Straus

Mildred Weissman

Founded in 1875, Hebrew Union College-Jewish Institute of Religion is the nation’s oldest institution of higher Jewish education and the academic, spiritual, and professional leadership development center of Reform Judaism. HUC-JIR educates men and women for service to North American and world Jewry as rabbis, cantors, educators, and nonprofit management professionals, and offers graduate and post-graduate programs to scholars of all faiths. With centers of learning in Cincinnati, Jerusalem, Los Angeles, and New York, HUC-JIR’s scholarly resources comprise its renowned Klau Library, the Jacob Rader Marcus Center of the American Jewish Archives, research institutes and centers, and academic publications. In partnership with the Union for Reform Judaism and the Central Conference of American Rabbis, HUC-JIR sustains the Reform Movement’s congregations and professional and lay leaders. HUC-JIR’s campuses invite the community to an array of cultural and educational programs illuminating Jewish history, identity, and contemporary creativity and fostering interfaith and multiethnic understanding. huc.edu

Administration

Rabbi David Ellenson, Ph.D., President

Rabbi Aaron D. Panken, Ph.D., President-Elect

Rabbi Michael Marmur, Ph.D., Jack, Joseph, and Morton Mandel Provost

Jane F. Karlin, Ph.D., Vice President for Institutional Advancement

Sandra M. Mills, C.P.A., B.B.A, Chief Financial Officer

Rabbi Charles A. Kroloff, D.D., Vice President for Special Projects

Jean Bloch Rosensaft, Assistant Vice President for Communications and Public Affairs; Director, HUC-JIR Museum, New York

Sylvia Posner, Assistant to the President; Administrative Executive to the Board of Governors

Rabbi Shirley Idelson, M.A.H.L., M.S., Dean, HUC-JIR/New York

Rabbi Renni Altman, M.A.H.L., Associate Dean, HUC-JIR/New York